双语科技百科(天文) 第11期:漏水转浑天仪

本文摘要：The Water一driven Armillary Sphere漏水并转浑天仪In the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng，an outstanding astronomer, made bold innovations to the armillary sphere，and de-signed and made the first water-driven armillary sphere in the wor

The Water一driven Armillary Sphere漏水并转浑天仪In the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng，an outstanding astronomer, made bold innovations to the armillary sphere，and de-signed and made the first water-driven armillary sphere in the world to measure the position of celestial bodies，which was carved with known important astronomical phenomena. People could observe the movement of the sun，the moon and the stars.汉中期，卓越的天文学家张衡对浑仪不作了大胆创意，设计并制作了漏水并转浑天仪。张衡还生产出有了世界上第一架测量天体方位的水运浑天仪，凡是未知的最重要天文现象，都刻有在这架仪器上。人们可以通过浑天仪观测到日月星辰运营的情况。

To enable the armillary sphere to rotate，Zhang employed the gear system，linking the celestial globe with the kettle clepsydra. Powered by the water leaked out of the kettle，the gear drove the celestial globe to rotate around the axis，one day per circuit, in synchronization with the celestial body(sun).In this way，the celestial changes were presented accurately.By observing the instrument，one could know when a star rose in the east and set in the west.漏水并转浑天仪的主体是一个代表天球的球体模型。球里面有一根铁轴跨越球心，轴的方向就是天球的方向，也是地球自转轴的方向。

轴和球有两个交点，一个是北极(北天极)，一个是南极(南天极)。为了让浑天仪能自己旋转，张衡使用齿轮系统把浑象和记时用的漏壶联系一起，用漏壶滴出来的水的力量造就齿轮，齿轮造就浑象绕行轴转动，一天一周，与天球实时旋转，这样，就可以精确地把天象的变化回应出来。人在屋子里看著仪器，就可以告诉某星于是以从东方照亮，某星就要从西方掉落。The world’s first water-driven astronomic instrument with explicit historical re-cords，the new armillary sphere employed an extremely complex gear system. It was a proud achievement for ancient Chinese people to work out such a complex instrument. Unfortunately，the driving system was not handed down，as made in the remote past.漏水并转浑天仪是有具体历史记述的世界上第一架用水力驱动的天文仪器。

浑天仪应用于到的齿轮机构和凸轮机构十分复杂。远在1800多年前，中国古人就可以用上这样简单的仪器是很有一点自豪的。惜的是，这套简单的传动系统因为年代久远没需要流传下来。

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